ar X iv : h ep - p h / 03 04 01 2 v 1 1 A pr 2 00 3 CHAPTER 1 EVENT BY EVENT FLUCTUATIONS
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چکیده
Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Fluctuations in a thermal system 6 2.1. Fluctuations in a grand canonical ensemble 6 2.1.1. Fluctuations of the energy and of the conserved charges 7 2.2. Fluctuations in a canonical ensemble 11 2.3. Phase Transitions and Fluctuations 13 3. Other fluctuations 15 3.1. Volume fluctuations 15 3.2. Fluctuation from initial collisions 17 4. Fluctuations and Correlations 21 4.1. Correlations and charge fluctuations 24 4.2. Correlations and Balance Function 33 5. Observable fluctuations 35
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